Boiler assembly



April 30, 1940. Y H, M RPH 2,199,139

BOILER ASSEMBLY Filed March 31, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 46' 4.7

I W 9 e14 April 30, 1940. H. s. MURPHY BOILER ASSEMBLY 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Filed March 51, 1957 1067? for J Wan Patented Apr. 30, 1940.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BOILER ASSEIWBLY Application March 31, 1937,Serial No. 134,103

10 Claims. (61. 122-225) This invention. relates to a combustion chamberfor boilers particularly designed to be used in connection with thesectional boiler shown in my co-pending application Ser. No. 106,570,filed October 20, 1936.

. The sectional boiler forming. the subject of myv said copendingapplication comprises a boiler composed of similar sections arrangedside by side to form the combustion chamber. and ,flues of the boilerand each vertical section is in turn composed of a plurality of smallersections so formed that both the water and hotgases are required totraverse a circuitous path, crossing and recrossing one another in agenerally vertical course through each vertical section and both inintimate contact with large areas of common walls so that a high rate ofheat transfer is obtained resulting in quick pickup, longer off-firingperiods, ,and low flue gas temperature, thereby providing low fuelconsumption.

A further feature of the boiler forming the subject of my saidco-pending application is the p-ro vision of a restricted central waterorifice in each section at the point of impingement of the'hottestgases, this restricted orifice causing steam to be formed and the waterjetted violently therethrough, thereby creating a violent turbulencewhich improves the heat transfer between the boiler walls and the waterand permits of a reduction in the amount of boiler surface.

It is the principal object of this invention to provide a combustionchamber composed of refractory brick which becomes heated to a high.

temperature and is formed to provide passages through which the productsof combustion escape before contacting the boiler, the high heat of therefractory material forming the combustion chamber serving to insurecomplete combustion sary to insure complete combustion of the fuel.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a combustionchamber in which restricted passages are provided which discharge thehot gases against the center of the boiler,

standard refractory brick, thus permitting the slabs to be built intothe brickwork in the same manner as the bricks themselves.

Another object is to provide such a combustion chamber which can berapidly fabricated at low cost and will stand up under constant useathigh temperatures without breaking down or losing e'fiiciency.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section, through onevertical section ofa sectional boiler mounted on the wall of a combustion chamber 'made inaccordance withmy invention. t

' Fig. 2 is a side elevation ofthe combustion chamber and sectionalboiler mounted thereon.

Fig. 3 is a verticalcentral section, taken on line 33, Big. 1.

Fig. 4 is'a fragmentary front elevation of' the combustion chamber.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, taken online 5,-5, looking downwardly. 1

Fig. Bis a fragmentary vertical section, taken on line 6-6, Fig. 1. 1'

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one of the panels used to form the topof the combustion chamber. The boiler in connection with which thecombustion chamber forming the subject of the present invention isdesigned for use is preferably constructed as follows:

The boiler is composed of a plurality of identical sections l0, Illa.and Illb which, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3, are arranged side by sideand each of these sections is composed of a lower horizontal section I3and a generally T-shaped main section l4 having the central portion ofits base con nected to and supported by the lower section it.

Each lower section I3 is formed at'its opposite ends toprovidea shortwater leg; l5 each of which is provided in its front and rear walls withrelatively large holes H. The holes ll all. register with one another sothat when the sections l3 are arranged face to face, as illustratedinFigs. 2 and '3, the openings 1 provide continuous conduits from one endof the boiler to the other for distribution of the cold water to each ofthe water legs. The holes ll also serve as a means for securing theseveral sections together in a watertight manner. For this purpose slipnipples (not shown) can be secured in the registering openings l! andsuitable tie rods (not shown) are also preferably employed. The sectionI3 is made in the form of a hollow casting, rectangular in crosssection, and to permit the products of combustion to escape verticaltubular flues 2i and 22 are provided at each end thereof. These flues 2!and 22, as illustrated in Fig. 3, are of smaller external diameter thanthe internal space across the section 53 so that the water is free toflow from the legs l5 to the center of the section 13. At its center thesection I3 is provided in its top wall with a threaded opening receivinga nipple 23 which connects the lower section IS with the main section Mand forms a restricted conduit for conducting the water to the mainsection 14.

The main section I4 is in the form of a generally T-shaped hollowcasting including a central Y-shaped portion 25, the base 25 of which isconnected to the lower section l3 by the nipple 23 and the rounding arms21 of which terminate in lateral extensions 28 and 29. In spacedrelation to the central Y-shaped portion 25, the main section I4 isformed to provide an upper horizontal cross bar 30, vertical hollow bars3| and 32 and inwardly extending hollow bars 33 and 34 which extendunder the lateral extensions 23 and 25 of the central Y-shaped portion25.

The flow of water from the central Y-shaped portion 25 to thesurrounding C shaped portion formed by the bars 3il34 is effected by apair of hollow vertical webs 35 and 3E. The rear faces of these webs 35and 36 are coplanar with and form continuations of the rear faces of thebars 3B34 and the base of the central Y-shaped portion 25 and formconnecting water passages therebetween. The outer vertical sides of thewebs 35 and 36 are also preferably spaced from the vertical side bars 3!and 32 to form rectangular openings 31, 38 through the back of each mainsection 14. The hollow webs 35 and 36 are spaced from one another toform a central circular opening 40 through the back of the main sectionl4, and the inner walls of the arms 21 of the Y-shaped central portion25 form continuations of this opening so as to form a main horizontalcontinuous flue through the group of sections constituting the boilerassembly.

The arm 21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 and its lateral extension28 open at their rear sides into the web 35 and the lower end of thisweb 35 also communicates with the inward extension 33. The upper end ofthe hollow web 35 opens into the upper bar 30. Similarly, the other arm21 of the Y-shaped central portion 25 and its lateral extension 29 openat their rear sides 'into the hollow web 35; the lower end'of thishollow web communicates with the inward extension 34 and the upper endof this hollow web opens into the upper bar 30 of the main boilersection I l.

The upper horizontal bar 35 is preferably provided with a raised centralportion at its center and the front and rear walls of the bar 30 in thisraised central portion are provided with openings 46. The openings 46 ofthe several sections register with one another in the assembled boilerso as to form a horizontal water discharge conduit extending through theseveral sections, and to provide a watertight connection between theseveral vertical section slip nipples (not shown) are preferablyprovided in the registering openings 46.

The inward extensions 33 and 34 are higher than the base 26 of thecentral Y-shaped portion and to support the outer extremities of themain section 14 blocks 55 of refractory material are interposed betweenthe extremities of the sections 13 and I4. These blocks 55 also serve toblock off the ends of the horizontal passages formed between the upperand lower sections [3 and M and by their use the castings forming thesesections are less complicated and the provision of dead water or fluepockets is avoided. Refractory blocks can also be employed to block oifthe front and rear ends of the chambers formed between the sections l3and M in the assembled boiler.

The front faces andthe rear faces, respectively, of the lower sectionI3; refractory blocks 50; Y-shaped central part 25 of the main sectioni4 and the upper bar 30; side bars 3| and 32 and extensions 33 and 34 ofthis main section M are disposed in a common plane. It will therefore beseen that when the sections l0, HJa,

Hlb are assembled the hot gases striking the undersides of the lowersections (3 are required to pass upwardly through the openings 2| and 22of the lower sections i3 into the chambers 54 and 55 between thesections I3 and I4, the sides and ends of which are blocked off by therefractory blocks 55. The gases then sweep toward the inner end of eachchamber 54 and 55 against the nozzle or leg 25 and against the legs 21of the central Y-shaped portions 25 and pass out through the angularpassages 55 and 5'! formed between these Y-shaped portions 25 and theextensions 33 and 34. As the passages 56 and 51 are in part formed bythe hollow webs 35 and 36, it will be seen that the hot gases areuniformly distributed to the many passages 56 and 5'! and are preventedfrom sweeping to one end of the assembled boiler. From the passages 56and 51 the gases pass upwardly through the chambers 58 and 59 whichextend the full length of the boiler assembly and from these chambersthe hot gases are deflected inwardly through the passages 60 and SIbetween the upper bar 30 and the extensions 28 and 29 of the centralY-shaped portions 25. As these passages 50 and p 6! are in part formedby the hollow webs 35 and 36 the hot gases are uniformly distributed tothe passages 60 and GI and prevented from sweeping to one end of theboiler assembly. From the passages 60 and BI, the gases sweep down intothe main horizontal flue formed by the openings 40 through the severalboiler sections and from one end of this main horizontal flue the gasesare, of course, conducted to the usual smoke stack (not shown).

With the boiler assembled as above described, the -cold water admittedat the bottom of the water legs [5 flows inwardly from the oppositeextremities of the sections I 3 and upwardly through the restrictednipples 23 into the bases 25 of the Y-shaped portions of the sections M.The hottest flue gases impinge centrally against the undersides of thesections l3 and the flue gases also impinge against the sides of thebase 26. The water is therefore brought to a high temperature under thenipple 23 and steam is formed, the water thereby being jetted throughthe nipple 23 at high velocity and being violently agitated, thisturbulence of the water continuing in the upward passage of the waterthrough the arms 21 and webs 36 of the main boiler section are-ease andthe water and thereby improves thee'fiiciency of heat transfer andpermits a boiler having "a smallersurfac'e to be employedascompared-with a boiler unprovided with the central restricted jets ornipples 23. I

From the base. 26 of each of the "Y-shaped po'r-' tions 25 the flow ofthe turbulent water divides into several paths. One stream-passesthrough the branch 21' of the 'Y-s'haped central portio'n 25horizontally across the bottom of the web 35 into the inward extension33 and-thence up the vertical bar 3| into the hoiizon ta'l'bar '39.Another stream flows up the branch 21 of the Y-shaped central portioninto the lateral extension 28 and out through the dipper of the web 35into the upper hor'izontal'bar '30.

Similarly, on the other side of the :boiler one stream from the base ofthe Y-s'hape'd portion 25 passes generally in a horizontal directionacross the bottom of the hollowweb 35 iritothe vertical-bar 32 Whileanother stream fl'ows vertically through the lateral extension 29andf'upper part of the hollow web- 36. All of these streams in eachsection merge in the upper bar 30 and pass into the common outlet ductformed by the registering openings 4B and ll of the several sectionsill, llla and F01).

The combustion chamber forming the subject of the present invention isdesigned to insure complete combustion of the fuel and also to directthe hot gases to the center of the several lower sections !3 so as toconcentrate heat under the nozzle or nipple 23' and improve its jettingaction in creating a high turbulence in the water. The combustionchamber includesfront wall 65 made of refractorybri'ck of'standard sizeand having included therein a block 56 of refractory material throughwhich 'fuel and a'i'r are introduced into the 'combustionchambe'r. Thecombustion chamber shown is designed for the use of liquid fuel. Thecombustion chamber -is provided with side walls 6? and (i8 likewise madeof standard refractory 69 connecting the rear ends of the side walls -61and '53. The water legs [5 of the assembled boiler rest on the sidewalls 6'! and -68, as best illustrated in Fig. l and the boiler istherefore adequately supported.

The roof of the combustion chamber and also the upper portions of thefront :and rear walls 65 and 69 are formed of a plurality of identicalslabs or panels in which are made of a refractory material in the formillustrated in Fig. "7. The end dimensions of each of the slabs orpanels 10 are the same as. the face dimensions 'of -the standard brickused in building the Walls of the 'com-fl I bustion chamber and theslabs H1 extend the full length of the combustion chamber and are sup.

ported on the front and rear walls thereof. Each slab on one side andfor the major portion of its length is recessed as indicated at N. Thisrecessed portion extends from a line 12 adjacent one corner of the slabto a line 13 adjacent the diagonally opposite corner of the slab so asto form a flat face 14 which is disposed at an angle to the major fiatfaces of the slab. To permit of conveniently building the slabs into thefront and rear walls of the combustion chamber the end portions 15 ofthe slabs are of regular rectangular form and of thesamedimensions "asthe standard bricks employed in building up the combustion chamber.

brick and 'a rear wall In laying a roof composed of the flat slabs 10 apair o'f'the flat slabs are first laid face to face with their endssupported on the bricks forming the front and rear walls'65 and 69 withthe recessed portions "H facing outwardly and upwardly 5 and the end.walls are then built up with addi tional bricks'so as to 'bringthem tothe level of the tops of these slabs. A brick of standard dimensions isthen laid centrally at the opposite ends of thesesl'abs 10 so as tobridge the abutting 0 faces of these-slabs, as best illustrated in Fig.1, and a second-pair of slabs l0 isthen laid alongside of these bricks.These upper slabs are therefore spaced by one brick and are also laidwith their recessed portions facing downwardly and inwardly so as toform slots 89 and 8| in the roof of the combustion chamber, these slotsextending the full length of the combustion chamber and discharging theproducts of combustion against the portion of the sections l3immediately under the jets or nozzles 23.

Thebalan'ce of'the ends walls 65 and 69 is then bricked up or blockedoff in any suitable manner to prevent the escape of the products ofcombustion. The products of combustion from the combustion'chamber arecompelled to escape through the'slots and 85. In doing so the slabs '10forming the roof of the combustion chamber are heated white hot. Thecomplete combustion of the gases passing through the slots 80 and illand thereby in intimate contact with the recessedfaces of'the slabs Itis therefore insured. By this means complete combustion of the fuel isprovided with resultant economy and carbon deposits in the passagesthrough the boiler are avoided. At the sametime the slots and BI directthe intensely hot products of combustion against the center of theboiler and immediately under the jetting nozzle 23, thereby providinganintense heat at this point which .r m improves the efficiency of thenozzle or nipple 23 as a steam'and water jet for creating turbulence inthe main section M- of the boiler.

Fromthetbrego'ingit is apparent that the present invention provides acombustion 'chamas ber which insures complete combustion in the'fuel bythe provision of narrow slots through a refractory roof maintained athigh temperature and also providesa combustion chamber in which the hotproducts of combustion can be directed against that part of the boilerwhich the highest degree of efiiciency dictates, this being, with theboiler shown, against the portion immediately under the central nozzlesor jets 23. It is also apparent that with the slabs Ill recessed asshown 35 only one type of roof slab need be provided to provide theslots or passages through the roof, these slots or "passages beingprovided by the simple expedient of laying the upper slabs in offset andinverted relation to the lower slabs. 80 It will'alsobe seen that bymaking the end dimensions of the slabs the same as the dimensions ofstandard brick; the slabs can readily be built into the bricku' o'rkforming the end walls of the combustion chamber, thereby facilitatingthe erection of the combustion chamber.

With the boiler assembly as above described, noise is also eliminated.the baffles provided by the slabs eliminating noise, and 'atthe sametime a long flue travel is provided complete combustion takes placebefore the flue gases impinge on the lower section of the boiler.

I claim as my invention: 1.. A boiler'assembly of the characterdescribed, comprising a combustion chamber including en'- f5 closingwalls and a roof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality offlat slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side and supportedat their ends on said walls, a boiler supported by said Walls andextending over said roof, said slabs being each recessed at one corneronly and being laid in inverted and onset relation to one another withsaid recesses in register whereby each pair of registering recessesprovides a laterally extending opening through the roof of saidcombustion chamber through which the products of combustion aredischarged against said boiler, said boiler being provided with a fluethrough which said products of combustion escape.

2. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including enclosing walls made of bricks composed of arefractory material, and a roof connecting said walls and composed of aplurality of slabs of a refractory material arranged side by side, theend faces of said slabs being brick size and being built into oppositewalls of said combustion chamber as a part of the brickwork thereof,said slabs being each recessed at one corner only and being laid ininverted and offset relation to one another with said recesses inregister whereby each pair of recesses provides a laterally extendingopening through the roof of said combustion chamber through which theproducts of combustion are discharged against said boiler, said boilerbeing spaced at its center above said roof and being provided with anupwardly extending flue through which said products of combustion pass.

3. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including enclosing walls and a roof of a refractory materialconnecting said walls, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross barsupported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber, an uppermain hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and meansconnecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing acentral restricted vertical jet providing internal communicationtherebetween, means for supplying water to said cross bar and an openingin the roof of said combustion chamber and directing the products ofcombustion against the underside of said cross bar at a place below saidjet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide aflue through which the products of combustion escape.

4. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including enclosing walls and a roof of a refractory materialconnecting said walls, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross barsupported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber and spacedabove said roof, an upper main hollow boiler section arranged above saidcross bar and a central nipple connecting said cross bar and main boilersection and providing a central restricted vertical jet providinginternal communication therebetween, means for supplying water to saidcross bar and an opening in the roof of said combustion chamber anddirecting the products of combustion laterally and upwardly against theunderside of said cross bar at a place directly below said jet, saidcross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue throughwhich the products of combustion escape.

5. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including enclosingwalls and a roof of a refractory materialconnecting said walls, a boiler including Water legs supported by theside walls of said combustion chamber, a hollow horizontal cross barconnecting said water legs, an upper main hollow boiler section arrangedabove said cross bar and a central nipple connecting said cross bar andmain boiler section and providing a central restricted vertical jetproviding internal communication therebetween, means for supplying waterto said water legs and an opening in the roof of said combustion chamberand directing the products of combustion laterally and upwardly againstthe underside of said cross bar at a place directly below said jet, saidcross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide a flue throughwhich the products of combustion escape.

6. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including enclosing walls made of a refractory material and aroof connecting said walls and composed of a plurality of slabs of arefractory material arranged side by side, said slabs being externallyrecessed to provide a laterally and upwardly extending opening throughthe roof of said combustion chamber through which the products ofcombustion are discharged, a boiler including a lower horizontal crossbar supported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber, anupper main hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and meansconnecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing acentral restricted vertical jet providing internal communicationtherebetween and means for supplying water to said cross bar, saidopening in the roof of said combustion chamber directing the products ofcombustion against the underside of said cross bar at a place below saidjet, said cross bar and main boiler section being formed to provide aflue through which the products of combustion escape.

7. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including enclosing walls made of a refractory material and aroof connecting said walls and composed of four slabs of a refractorymaterial arranged side by side, the ends of said slabs being built intothe opposite walls of said combustion chamber and being each recessed atone corner only and laid in inverted and offset relation to one anotherwith said recesses in register whereby each pair of recesses provides alaterally and upwardly extending opening through the roof of saidcombustion chamber, a boiler including a lower horizontal cross barsupported at its ends on the walls of said combustion chamber, an uppermain hollow boiler section arranged above said cross bar and a nippleconnecting said cross bar and main boiler section and providing internalcommunication therebetween, and means for supplying water to said crossbar, said openings in the roof of said combustion chamber directing theproducts of combustion in opposing streams against the underside of saidcross bar at a place directly below said jet, said cross bar and mainboiler section being formed to provide a flue through which the productsof combustion escape.

8. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising a combustionchamber including side and end enclosing walls of a refractory materialand a substantially flat roof connecting said walls and composed of aplurality of flat slabs of a refractory material arranged side by sideand supported at their ends on said walls, a boiler supported by saidwalls and extending over i and end enclosing walls of a refractorymaterial and a substantially fiat roof connecting said walls andcomposed of a plurality of flat slabs of a refractory material arrangedside by side and supported at their ends on said walls, a boilersupported by said walls and extending over said roof in closely spacedrelation thereto, said slabs being indented at one corner to provide aplurality of openings in the roof of said combustion chamber, saidopenings extending at an angle to both the'horizontal and the verticalto direct the products of combustion laterally into the space betweensaid boiler and roof and directly against the underside of said boiler,said boiler being provided with a flue through Which the products ofcombustion pass.

10. A boiler assembly of the character described, comprising acombustion chamber includingside and end enclosing'walls of a refractorymaterial and a roof which is substantially flat on its upper and lowersides, and composed of horizontal slabs of a refractory materialconnecting said walls, a boiler composed of a plurality of sections eachhaving water legs supported directlyon the tops of said side walls andthe central part of said boiler being spaced a' short distance abovesaid roof, said roof of said combustion chamber having a plurality ofopenings extending atan angle to both the horizontal and the vertical todirect the products of combustion laterally into the space between saidboiler and roof and against the area of said boiler delimited by itslegs, said boiler sections being formed exteriorly to provide aplurality of circuitous passages through which the products ofcombustion pass.

' HARRY s.

